LANSING – The Michigan Department of Attorney General (DAG) recently welcomed a team of assessors from the Michigan Law Enforcement Accreditation Commission (MLEAC).
The assessors came to examine all aspects of the Department’s compliance with the MLEAC standards in preparation for granting the Department MLEAC accreditation, Attorney General Dana Nessel announced.
The assessors examined the DAG Criminal Investigations Division’s policies and procedures, management, operations, and support services to verify the Department’s successful implementation of the 108 applicable law enforcement standards set by the MLEAC.
“The thorough assessment of our law enforcement policies and practices provides the Department with valuable insight that will help us achieve our goal of accreditation,” Nessel said.
“Every law enforcement agency should experience this kind of rigorous self-examination and third-party review. Accreditation will help us ensure we are providing the People of Michigan with the highest quality of law enforcement services.”
Of Michigan’s 577 law enforcement agencies, only 65 currently have full MLEAC accreditation. Michigan has 132 law enforcement agencies actively pursuing MLEAC accreditation.
The participating law enforcement entities encompass local, county, and state agencies, as well as tribal, college, and university agencies of varying sizes, with personnel ranging from three to over 300 full-time sworn officers.
DAG is the first state agency in Michigan to participate in this significant accreditation initiative. The Department’s participation represents a milestone and a significant step forward in its commitment to maintaining the highest standards of professionalism, ethics, and operational excellence.
The path to achieving that operational excellence began in March of 2022 when DAG joined the Michigan Law Enforcement Accreditation Program (MLEAP) and began its self-analysis period. During that time, DAG successfully developed and implemented more than 54 written directives, policies, and procedures to guide law enforcement actions based on MLEAC accreditation standards.
In addition, the Department successfully established more than 19 training programs and certifications that incorporate best practices within law enforcement.
“The mission of the Criminal Investigations Division involves protecting and defending the Constitutions of the United States and Michigan, enforcing laws, assisting local law enforcement, providing justice to crime victims, and providing for the safety and security of the People of Michigan,” said Division Chief Aubrey Sargent. “Earning accreditation status would underscore our dedication to excellence and showcase our unwavering focus on delivering top-tier services to our state’s residents whom we proudly serve.”
As a proactive and ongoing “health check” of an organization’s defined processes and their execution, MLEAC accreditation has a wealth of benefits for law enforcement agencies big and small. Accreditation supports a culture of continuous improvement in the way it allows a law enforcement agency to voluntarily commit to reviewing best practices and how they are applied. The accreditation process can identify areas of professional excellence and areas where organizational growth is needed.
Accreditation helps law enforcement agencies:
create and uphold standards that are in line with modern, professional law enforcement procedures; boost the efficacy and efficiency of the services that they provide; and set guidelines that address and reduce liability for the agency and its members. By clearly defining organizational expectations, accreditation supports strong service delivery and creates sustainability during transitions. It also increases trust and transparency with those on an agency’s team as well as within the communities the agency serves.
MLEAC accreditation offers a well-defined framework that aids agencies in avoiding inconsistent standards and potential training gaps, mitigating challenges that may plague unaccredited agencies. Interested law enforcement agencies can learn more about the program and how to apply online.
DISCLAIMER This post may contain re-posted content, opinions, comments, ads, third party posts, outdated information, posts from disgruntled persons, posts from those with agendas and general internet BS. Therefore…Before you believe anything on the internet regarding anything – do your research on Official Government and State Sites, Call the Michigan State Police, Check the State Attorney General Website and Consult an Attorney – Use Your Brain.
When Being Questioned by the Police: Can They Lie to You?
Introduction
In the United States, police officers are generally allowed to lie to suspects during interrogations. This is a controversial practice, but it has been upheld by the Supreme Court. There are some exceptions to this rule, however, and it is important to know your rights if you are ever questioned by the police.
Can the police lie to you in Michigan?
In Michigan, police officers are allowed to lie to you during an interrogation, as long as their lies are not intended to coerce or trick you into making a false confession. This means that they can tell you things that are not true, such as that they have evidence against you or that they know someone who will testify against you. They can also make promises to you, such as that they will let you go if you confess.
Exceptions to the rule
There are a few exceptions to the rule that police officers can lie to you. For example, they cannot lie to you about your Miranda rights. Miranda rights are the warnings that police officers are required to give you before they question you. These warnings tell you that you have the right to remain silent, that you have the right to an attorney, and that anything you say can be used against you in court.
Police officers also cannot lie to you about the consequences of making a confession. For example, they cannot tell you that you will be released from jail if you confess, if this is not true.
What to do if you are questioned by the police
If you are questioned by the police, it is important to know your rights. You should remain silent and do not answer any questions until you have spoken to an attorney. You can also ask to leave the interrogation room at any time.
If you feel that the police are lying to you, you should tell them that you are not comfortable with their questioning and that you would like to speak to your attorney Michael Komorn.
Laws in Michigan
Here are some Michigan laws that relate to the questioning of suspects:
It is important to know your rights if you are ever questioned by the police. Police officers are allowed to lie to you in Michigan, but there are some exceptions to this rule. If you feel that the police are lying to you, you should tell them that you are not comfortable with their questioning and that you would like to speak to an attorney.
Are You Ever Allowed To Lie To The Police?
Of course not. You shouldn’t be talking to the police in the first place but if you’re talking, you’re doing something you shouldn’t be doing. As far as whether you can lie to the police, you can always be charged with obstruction. That’s why you’re always best to just not say anything at all.
Michigan law 750.479c – A person informed of criminal investigation by peace officer; prohibited conduct; violation; penalty; exception; definitions.
Police have some code of ethics like a lawyer or a judge. But it doesn’t say that they can’t trick you into confessing. They are trained to do that, and they will do it.
Be aware of phrasing when being questioned:
“Have you had anything to drink tonight?” Best response is: NO
Where are you coming from? It is best to have this answer pre-prepared so as to not raise suspicion. You can also answer the Officer’s questions by stating “Respectfully officer, I don’t have to answer that.”
“Not answering is suspicious, why are you not answering my question, clearly you are doing something wrong?” Best Answer: “Officer, respectfully I am aware of my rights, and constitutional protections, and I know I have no legal obligation to answer your questions.
“Not answering is resisting me in this investigation” Best Answer: “I’m not resisting, respectfully, I don’t have to answer anything.”
“If you have nothing to hide, you don’t mind if I look around.” Best response: “I’m sorry Officer, but I don’t consent to searches.”
“If you refuse a search, I’ll have to call a K-9 unit.” Best response: “Officer, are you detaining me, or am I free to go?” Officers cannot detain you past the purpose of the traffic stop and detaining you beyond this purpose is constitutionally illegal. Specifically officers cannot detain you beyond the traffic stop for the purpose of calling for a k-9 unit or drug sniffing dog.
Remember
Refusing to answer questions is not an admission of guilt.
Asserting your right to remain silent is not an admission of guilt.
Demanding to have your lawyer present during any questioning is not an admission of guilt.
DISCLAIMER This post may contain re-posted content, opinions, comments, ads, third party posts, outdated information, posts from disgruntled persons, posts from those with agendas and general internet BS. Therefore…Before you believe anything on the internet regarding anything – do your research on Official Government and State Sites, Call the Michigan State Police, Check the State Attorney General Website and Consult an Attorney – Use Your Brain.
With just over a week until Ohio’s voter-approved marijuana legalization law takes effect, a lawmaker has introduced a bill that would allow individual municipalities to locally ban the use and home cultivation of cannabis in their jurisdictions.
The legislation aims to modify the distribution of state marijuana tax revenue, specifically by decreasing funding allotted to social equity and jobs programs and redirecting it towards law enforcement training.
While Issue 2, approved by voters, specifically banned localities from prohibiting marijuana use, home cultivation, or scientific research, as well as imposing extra local taxes on cannabis products, the current bill aims to eliminate these crucial provisions, which could potentially result in a fragmented set of policies statewide.
Issue 2 currently grants municipalities the option to exclude new recreational cannabis companies from establishing themselves in their area. However, municipalities are unable to prevent existing medical marijuana enterprises from incorporating adult-use operations on-site, even if they express a desire to do so.
The bill as introduced would change how the state would need to appropriate cannabis tax revenue by adding two new funds: one for substance misuse and recovery services and another for law enforcement training.
Extreme Risk Protection Order to prevent individuals from possessing or owning a firearm for eight years following their conviction. That legislation was signed into law by Governor Gretchen Whitmer in November of 2023.Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel has joined...
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Someone asked us... Can the police take my drone?As we have seen ... They can charge, arrest you and take your stuff for whatever they want. You'll have to fight it out in court to get it back.In Michigan, the police can confiscate your drone under certain...
FRAUDULENT ACCESS TO COMPUTERS, COMPUTER SYSTEMS, AND COMPUTER NETWORKS (EXCERPT)Act 53 of 1979752.796 Use of computer program, computer, computer system, or computer network to commit crime. Sec. 6. (1) A person shall not use a computer program, computer,...
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Someone asked us... Can the police take my drone?As we have seen ... They can charge, arrest you and take your stuff for whatever they want. You'll have to fight it out in court to get it back.In Michigan, the police can confiscate your drone under certain...
DISCLAIMER This post may contain re-posted content, opinions, comments, ads, third party posts, outdated information, posts from disgruntled persons, posts from those with agendas and general internet debauchery. Therefore… before you believe anything on the internet regarding anything and everything – do your research on verified Official Government and State Sites, Call the State Police, Check the State Attorney General Website and Consult an Attorney – and then check it again.
New law allows roadside drug testing throughout state – Whitmer signs roadside drug testing into law.
LANSING, MI (WILX) — Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed three bills into law Thursday, including one that allows roadside drug testing.
Senate Bill 718 establishes a one-year pilot program in five counties that will be selected by Michigan State Police, Whitmer’s office said in a news release. Under the law, drivers can be tested for controlled substance use.
The MSP will also conduct another one-year program, adding more counties, at the end of the first one.
The MSP then expanded the program to every county in the state. The agency will then have 90 days to submit a report to the state legislature detailing the number of traffic stops resulting in arrests for operating a vehicle under the influence of a controlled substance.
The report must also say how many convictions were obtained from those arrests.
MLIVE
Michigan added at least 32 officers known as “drug recognition experts” to its roadside drug testing program between January and March 4, according to data state police provided MLive and a state House committee.
State police are heading the expanded pilot program that is now in its second year and has grown to include law enforcement in all 83 Michigan counties. The second year of the pilot concludes Aug. 31, after which state police have 90 days to present results of the program to the legislature.
In the meantime, the frequency and results of roadside drug tests being performed by drug recognition experts, who include state police, sheriff’s deputies, tribal, university and local police, remain secret.
“There will be no data available until the pilot concludes, the results are analyzed and a report is prepared,” MSP spokeswoman Shanon Banner said Thursday, June 11.
The program had 125 officers in January, Banner said at the time.
The letter urged the committee to support Senate Bill 718, designed to clarify language in an existing law that outlined the roadside drug testing program. Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed the bill into law Thursday; however, it doesn’t impact the scope of the pilot program.
AN ACT to amend 1949 PA 300, entitled “An act to provide for the registration, titling, sale, transfer, and regulation of certain vehicles operated upon the public highways of this state or any other place open to the general public or generally accessible to motor vehicles and distressed vehicles; to provide for the licensing of dealers; to provide for the examination, licensing, and control of operators and chauffeurs; to provide for the giving of proof of financial responsibility and security by owners and operators of vehicles; to provide for the imposition, levy, and collection of specific taxes on vehicles, and the levy and collection of sales and use taxes, license fees, and permit fees; to provide for the regulation and use of streets and highways; to create certain funds; to provide penalties and sanctions for a violation of this act; to provide for civil liability of manufacturers, the manufacturers of certain devices, the manufacturers of automated technology, upfitters, owners, and operators of vehicles and service of process on residents and nonresidents; to regulate the introduction and use of certain evidence; to regulate and certify the manufacturers of certain devices; to provide for approval and certification of installers and servicers of certain devices; to provide for the levy of certain assessments; to provide for the enforcement of this act; to provide for the creation of and to prescribe the powers and duties of certain state and local agencies; to impose liability upon the state or local agencies; to provide appropriations for certain purposes; to repeal all other acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act or contrary to this act; and to repeal certain parts of this act on a specific date,” by amending section 625t (MCL 257.625t), as added by 2016 PA 243.
The People of the State of Michigan enact:
Sec. 625t (1) The department of state police may establish a pilot program in this state for roadside drug testing to determine whether an individual is operating a vehicle while under the influence of a controlled substance in violation of section 625.
(2) A pilot program established under this section shall be for a period of 1 calendar year. The funding of a pilot program established under this section is subject to appropriation.
(3) The department of state police shall develop a written policy for the implementation of the pilot program and the administration of roadside drug testing.
(4) The department of state police may promulgate rules under the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to 24.328, to implement a pilot program established under this section.
(5) Not more than 90 days after the conclusion of a pilot program established under this section, the department of state police shall submit a report to the legislative committees of the senate and house of representatives with primary responsibility for judicial and criminal justice issues. The report shall cover both of the following:
(a) The different types of law enforcement agencies in the pilot program participant counties that engaged in roadside drug testing.
(b) Relevant statistical data, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) The number of traffic stops resulting in an arrest for operating under the influence of a controlled substance in violation of section 625 as a result of roadside drug testing by a certified drug recognition expert. (ii) The number and type of convictions resulting from an arrest made based on the result of a roadside drug test by a certified drug recognition expert.
(6) As used in this section: (a) “Certified drug recognition expert” means a law enforcement officer trained to recognize impairment in a driver under the influence of a controlled substance rather than, or in addition to, alcohol. (b) “Controlled substance” means that term as defined in section 7104 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7104.
If you are looking for an attorney that will fight for you. You found him. Michael Komorn – provides DUI, drugged driving and criminal defense passionately an aggressively. Call The Office 248-357-2550 or visit KomornLaw.com
MICHIGAN VEHICLE CODE (EXCERPT) Act 300 of 1949 257.625t – Roadside drug testing pilot program.
Sec. 625t.
(1) The department of state police may establish a pilot program in 5 counties in this state for roadside drug testing to determine whether an individual is operating a vehicle while under the influence of a controlled substance in violation of section 625.
(2) A pilot program established under this section shall be for a period of 1 calendar year. The funding of a pilot program established under this section is subject to appropriation.
(3) Except as provided in subsection (8), the department of state police shall select 5 counties in which to implement a pilot program established under this section.
(4) A county is eligible to participate in the pilot program if the county has a law enforcement agency within its boundary, including, but not limited to, a state police post, a sheriff’s department, or a municipal police department, that employs not fewer than 1 law enforcement officer who is a certified drug recognition expert.
(5) The department of state police shall develop a written policy for the implementation of the pilot program and the administration of roadside drug testing.
(6) The department of state police may promulgate rules under the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to 24.328, to implement a pilot program established under this section.
(7) Not more than 90 days after the conclusion of a pilot program established under this section, the department of state police shall submit a report to the legislative committees of the senate and house of representatives with primary responsibility for judicial and criminal justice issues.
The report shall cover all of the following:
(a) How pilot program participant counties were selected. (b) The different types of law enforcement agencies in the pilot program participant counties that engaged in roadside drug testing. (c) Relevant statistical data, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) The number of traffic stops resulting in an arrest for operating under the influence of a controlled substance in violation of section 625 as a result of roadside drug testing by a certified drug recognition expert. (ii) The number and type of convictions resulting from an arrest made based on the result of a roadside drug test by a certified drug recognition expert.
(8) Upon the conclusion of a pilot program established under this section, the department of state police may, subject to appropriation, establish additional pilot programs in eligible counties not included among the 5 counties initially selected under subsection (3). The duration of a pilot program established under this subsection shall be for a period of 1 year.
(9) As used in this section: (a) “Certified drug recognition expert” means a law enforcement officer trained to recognize impairment in a driver under the influence of a controlled substance rather than, or in addition to, alcohol. (b) “Controlled substance” means that term as defined in section 7104 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7104.
If you are looking for an attorney that will fight for you. You found him. Michael Komorn – provides DUI, drugged driving and criminal defense passionately an aggressively. Call The Office 248-357-2550 or visit KomornLaw.com
257.625 Operating motor vehicle while intoxicated; “operating while intoxicated” defined; operating motor vehicle when visibly impaired; penalties for causing death or serious impairment of a body function; operation of motor vehicle by person less than 21 years of age; “any bodily alcohol content” defined; requirements; controlled substance; costs; enhanced sentence; guilty plea or nolo contendere; establishment of prior conviction; special verdict; public record; burden of proving religious service or ceremony; ignition interlock device; definitions; prior conviction; violations arising out of same transaction.
Sec. 625.
(1) A person, whether licensed or not, shall not operate a vehicle upon a highway or other place open to the general public or generally accessible to motor vehicles, including an area designated for the parking of vehicles, within this state if the person is operating while intoxicated. As used in this section, “operating while intoxicated” means any of the following:
(a) The person is under the influence of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance.
(b) The person has an alcohol content of 0.08 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine or, beginning October 1, 2021, the person has an alcohol content of 0.10 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine.
(c) The person has an alcohol content of 0.17 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine.
(2) The owner of a vehicle or a person in charge or in control of a vehicle shall not authorize or knowingly permit the vehicle to be operated upon a highway or other place open to the general public or generally accessible to motor vehicles, including an area designated for the parking of motor vehicles, within this state by a person if any of the following apply:
(a) The person is under the influence of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, other intoxicating substance, or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance.
(b) The person has an alcohol content of 0.08 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine or, beginning October 1, 2021, the person has an alcohol content of 0.10 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine.
(c) The person’s ability to operate the motor vehicle is visibly impaired due to the consumption of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance, or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance.
(3) A person, whether licensed or not, shall not operate a vehicle upon a highway or other place open to the general public or generally accessible to motor vehicles, including an area designated for the parking of vehicles, within this state when, due to the consumption of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance, or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance, the person’s ability to operate the vehicle is visibly impaired. If a person is charged with violating subsection (1), a finding of guilty under this subsection may be rendered.
(4) A person, whether licensed or not, who operates a motor vehicle in violation of subsection (1), (3), or (8) and by the operation of that motor vehicle causes the death of another person is guilty of a crime as follows:
(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 15 years or a fine of not less than $2,500.00 or more than $10,000.00, or both. The judgment of sentence may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n. If the vehicle is not ordered forfeited under section 625n, the court shall order vehicle immobilization under section 904d in the judgment of sentence.
(b) If the violation occurs while the person has an alcohol content of 0.17 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine, and within 7 years of a prior conviction, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 20 years or a fine of not less than $2,500.00 or more than $10,000.00, or both. The judgment of sentence may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n. If the vehicle is not ordered forfeited under section 625n, the court shall order vehicle immobilization under section 904d in the judgment of sentence.
(c) If, at the time of the violation, the person is operating a motor vehicle in a manner proscribed under section 653a and causes the death of a police officer, firefighter, or other emergency response personnel, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 20 years or a fine of not less than $2,500.00 or more than $10,000.00, or both. This subdivision applies regardless of whether the person is charged with the violation of section 653a. The judgment of sentence may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n. If the vehicle is not ordered forfeited under section 625n, the court shall order vehicle immobilization under section 904d in the judgment of sentence.
(5) A person, whether licensed or not, who operates a motor vehicle in violation of subsection (1), (3), or (8) and by the operation of that motor vehicle causes a serious impairment of a body function of another person is guilty of a crime as follows:
(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not less than $1,000.00 or more than $5,000.00, or both. The judgment of sentence may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n. If the vehicle is not ordered forfeited under section 625n, the court shall order vehicle immobilization under section 904d in the judgment of sentence.
(b) If the violation occurs while the person has an alcohol content of 0.17 grams or more per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine, and within 7 years of a prior conviction, the person is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 10 years or a fine of not less than $1,000.00 or more than $5,000.00, or both. The judgment of sentence may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n. If the vehicle is not ordered forfeited under section 625n, the court shall order vehicle immobilization under section 904d in the judgment of sentence.
(6) A person who is less than 21 years of age, whether licensed or not, shall not operate a vehicle upon a highway or other place open to the general public or generally accessible to motor vehicles, including an area designated for the parking of vehicles, within this state if the person has any bodily alcohol content. As used in this subsection, “any bodily alcohol content” means either of the following:
(a) An alcohol content of 0.02 grams or more but less than 0.08 grams per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine or, beginning October 1, 2021, the person has an alcohol content of 0.02 grams or more but less than 0.10 grams per 100 milliliters of blood, per 210 liters of breath, or per 67 milliliters of urine.
(b) Any presence of alcohol within a person’s body resulting from the consumption of alcoholic liquor, other than consumption of alcoholic liquor as a part of a generally recognized religious service or ceremony.
(7) A person, whether licensed or not, is subject to the following requirements:
(a) He or she shall not operate a vehicle in violation of subsection (1), (3), (4), (5), or
(8) while another person who is less than 16 years of age is occupying the vehicle. A person who violates this subdivision is guilty of a crime punishable as follows:
(i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii), a person who violates this subdivision is guilty of a misdemeanor and must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $1,000.00 and to 1 or more of the following:
(A) Imprisonment for not less than 5 days or more than 1 year. Not less than 48 hours of this imprisonment must be served consecutively. This term of imprisonment must not be suspended.
(B) Community service for not less than 30 days or more than 90 days.
(ii) If the violation occurs within 7 years of a prior conviction or after 2 or more prior convictions, regardless of the number of years that have elapsed since any prior conviction, a person who violates this subdivision is guilty of a felony and must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $500.00 or more than $5,000.00 and to either of the following:
(A) Imprisonment under the jurisdiction of the department of corrections for not less than 1 year or more than 5 years.
(B) Probation with imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 30 days or more than 1 year and community service for not less than 60 days or more than 180 days. Not less than 48 hours of this imprisonment must be served consecutively. This term of imprisonment must not be suspended.
(b) He or she shall not operate a vehicle in violation of subsection (6) while another person who is less than 16 years of age is occupying the vehicle. A person who violates this subdivision is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable as follows:
(i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii), a person who violates this subdivision may be sentenced to 1 or more of the following:
(A) Community service for not more than 60 days.
(B) A fine of not more than $500.00.
(C) Imprisonment for not more than 93 days.
(ii) If the violation occurs within 7 years of a prior conviction or after 2 or more prior convictions, regardless of the number of years that have elapsed since any prior conviction, a person who violates this subdivision must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $1,000.00 and to 1 or more of the following:
(A) Imprisonment for not less than 5 days or more than 1 year. Not less than 48 hours of this imprisonment must be served consecutively. This term of imprisonment must not be suspended.
(B) Community service for not less than 30 days or more than 90 days.
(c) In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (a)(i) or (b)(i), the court may, unless the vehicle is ordered forfeited under section 625n, order vehicle immobilization as provided in section 904d. In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (a)(ii) or (b)(ii), the court shall, unless the vehicle is ordered forfeited under section 625n, order vehicle immobilization as provided in section 904d.
(d) This subsection does not prohibit a person from being charged with, convicted of, or punished for a violation of subsection (4) or (5) that is committed by the person while violating this subsection. However, points shall not be assessed under section 320a for both a violation of subsection (4) or (5) and a violation of this subsection for conduct arising out of the same transaction.
(8) A person, whether licensed or not, shall not operate a vehicle upon a highway or other place open to the general public or generally accessible to motor vehicles, including an area designated for the parking of vehicles, within this state if the person has in his or her body any amount of a controlled substance listed in schedule 1under section 7212 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7212, or a rule promulgated under that section, or of a controlled substance described in section 7214(a)(iv) of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7214.
(9) If a person is convicted of violating subsection (1) or (8), all of the following apply:
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by 1 or more of the following:
(i) Community service for not more than 360 hours.
(ii) Imprisonment for not more than 93 days, or, if the person is convicted of violating subsection (1)(c), imprisonment for not more than 180 days.
(iii) A fine of not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00, or, if the person is guilty of violating subsection (1)(c), a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $700.00.
(b) If the violation occurs within 7 years of a prior conviction, the person must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $1,000.00 and 1 or more of the following:
(i) Imprisonment for not less than 5 days or more than 1 year. Not less than 48 hours of the term of imprisonment imposed under this subparagraph must be served consecutively.
(ii) Community service for not less than 30 days or more than 90 days.
(c) If the violation occurs after 2 or more prior convictions, regardless of the number of years that have elapsed since any prior conviction, the person is guilty of a felony and must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $500.00 or more than $5,000.00 and to either of the following:
(i) Imprisonment under the jurisdiction of the department of corrections for not less than 1 year or more than 5 years.
(ii) Probation with imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 30 days or more than 1 year and community service for not less than 60 days or more than 180 days. Not less than 48 hours of the imprisonment imposed under this subparagraph must be served consecutively.
(d) A term of imprisonment imposed under subdivision (b) or (c) must not be suspended.
(e) In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (a), the court may order vehicle immobilization as provided in section 904d. In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (b) or (c), the court shall, unless the vehicle is ordered forfeited under section 625n, order vehicle immobilization as provided in section 904d.
(f) In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (b) or (c), the court may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n.
(10) A person who is convicted of violating subsection (2) is guilty of a crime as follows:
(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 93 days or a fine of not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00, or both.
(b) If the person operating the motor vehicle violated subsection (4), a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not less than $1,500.00 or more than $10,000.00, or both.
(c) If the person operating the motor vehicle violated subsection (5), a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not less than $1,000.00 or more than $5,000.00, or both.
(11) If a person is convicted of violating subsection (3), all of the following apply:
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by 1 or more of the following:
(i) Community service for not more than 360 hours.
(ii) Imprisonment for not more than 93 days.
(iii) A fine of not more than $300.00.
(b) If the violation occurs within 7 years of 1 prior conviction, the person must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $1,000.00, and 1 or more of the following:
(i) Imprisonment for not less than 5 days or more than 1 year. Not less than 48 hours of the term of imprisonment imposed under this subparagraph must be served consecutively.
(ii) Community service for not less than 30 days or more than 90 days.
(c) If the violation occurs after 2 or more prior convictions, regardless of the number of years that have elapsed since any prior conviction, the person is guilty of a felony and must be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $500.00 or more than $5,000.00 and either of the following:
(i) Imprisonment under the jurisdiction of the department of corrections for not less than 1 year or more than 5 years.
(ii) Probation with imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 30 days or more than 1 year and community service for not less than 60 days or more than 180 days. Not less than 48 hours of the imprisonment imposed under this subparagraph must be served consecutively.
(d) A term of imprisonment imposed under subdivision (b) or (c) must not be suspended.
(e) In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (a), the court may order vehicle immobilization as provided in section 904d. In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (b) or (c), the court shall, unless the vehicle is ordered forfeited under section 625n, order vehicle immobilization as provided in section 904d.
(f) In the judgment of sentence under subdivision (b) or (c), the court may impose the sanction permitted under section 625n.
(12) If a person is convicted of violating subsection (6), all of the following apply:
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by 1 or both of the following:
(i) Community service for not more than 360 hours.
(ii) A fine of not more than $250.00.
(b) If the violation occurs within 7 years of 1 or more prior convictions, the person may be sentenced to 1 or more of the following:
(i) Community service for not more than 60 days.
(ii) A fine of not more than $500.00.
(iii) Imprisonment for not more than 93 days.
(13) In addition to imposing the sanctions prescribed under this section, the court may order the person to pay the costs of the prosecution under the code of criminal procedure, 1927 PA 175, MCL 760.1 to 777.69.
(14) A person sentenced to perform community service under this section must not receive compensation and must reimburse the state or appropriate local unit of government for the cost of supervision incurred by the state or local unit of government as a result of the person’s activities in that service.
(15) If the prosecuting attorney intends to seek an enhanced sentence under this section or a sanction under section 625n based upon the defendant having 1 or more prior convictions, the prosecuting attorney shall include on the complaint and information, or an amended complaint and information, filed in district court, circuit court, municipal court, or family division of circuit court, a statement listing the defendant’s prior convictions.
(16) If a person is charged with a violation of subsection (1), (3), (4), (5), (7), or (8) or section 625m, the court shall not permit the defendant to enter a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to a charge of violating subsection (6) in exchange for dismissal of the original charge. This subsection does not prohibit the court from dismissing the charge upon the prosecuting attorney’s motion.
(17) A prior conviction must be established at sentencing by 1 or more of the following:
(a) A copy of a judgment of conviction.
(b) An abstract of conviction.
(c) A transcript of a prior trial or a plea-taking or sentencing proceeding.
(d) A copy of a court register of actions.
(e) A copy of the defendant’s driving record.
(f) Information contained in a presentence report.
(g) An admission by the defendant.
(18) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (20), if a person is charged with operating a vehicle while under the influence of a controlled substance or other intoxicating substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance in violation of subsection (1) or a local ordinance substantially corresponding to subsection (1), the court shall require the jury to return a special verdict in the form of a written finding or, if the court convicts the person without a jury or accepts a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the court shall make a finding as to whether the person was under the influence of a controlled substance or other intoxicating substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance at the time of the violation.
(19) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (20), if a person is charged with operating a vehicle while his or her ability to operate the vehicle was visibly impaired due to his or her consumption of a controlled substance or other intoxicating substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance in violation of subsection (3) or a local ordinance substantially corresponding to subsection (3), the court shall require the jury to return a special verdict in the form of a written finding or, if the court convicts the person without a jury or accepts a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the court shall make a finding as to whether, due to the consumption of a controlled substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance, the person’s ability to operate a motor vehicle was visibly impaired at the time of the violation.
(20) A special verdict described in subsections (18) and (19) is not required if a jury is instructed to make a finding solely as to either of the following:
(a) Whether the defendant was under the influence of a controlled substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance at the time of the violation.
(b) Whether the defendant was visibly impaired due to his or her consumption of a controlled substance or a combination of alcoholic liquor, a controlled substance, or other intoxicating substance at the time of the violation.
(21) If a jury or court finds under subsection (18), (19), or (20) that the defendant operated a motor vehicle under the influence of or while impaired due to the consumption of a controlled substance or a combination of a controlled substance, an alcoholic liquor, or other intoxicating substance, the court shall do both of the following:
(a) Report the finding to the secretary of state.
(b) On a form or forms prescribed by the state court administrator, forward to the department of state police a record that specifies the penalties imposed by the court, including any term of imprisonment, and any sanction imposed under section 625n or 904d.
(22) Except as otherwise provided by law, a record described in subsection (21)(b) is a public record and the department of state police shall retain the information contained on that record for not less than 7 years.
(23) In a prosecution for a violation of subsection (6), the defendant bears the burden of proving that the consumption of alcoholic liquor was a part of a generally recognized religious service or ceremony by a preponderance of the evidence.
(24) The court may order as a condition of probation that a person convicted of violating subsection (1) or (8), or a local ordinance substantially corresponding to subsection (1) or (8), shall not operate a motor vehicle unless that vehicle is equipped with an ignition interlock device approved, certified, and installed as required under sections 625k and 625l.
(25) As used in this section:
(a) “Intoxicating substance” means any substance, preparation, or a combination of substances and preparations other than alcohol or a controlled substance, that is either of the following:
(i) Recognized as a drug in any of the following publications or their supplements:
(A) The official United States Pharmacopoeia.
(B) The official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
(C) The official National Formulary.
(ii) A substance, other than food, taken into a person’s body, including, but not limited to, vapors or fumes, that is used in a manner or for a purpose for which it was not intended, and that may result in a condition of intoxication.
(b) “Prior conviction” means a conviction for any of the following, whether under a law of this state, a local ordinance substantially corresponding to a law of this state, a law of the United States substantially corresponding to a law of this state, or a law of another state substantially corresponding to a law of this state, subject to subsection (27):
(i) Except as provided in subsection (26), a violation or attempted violation of any of the following:
(A) This section, except a violation of subsection (2), or a violation of any prior enactment of this section in which the defendant operated a vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating or alcoholic liquor or a controlled substance, or a combination of intoxicating or alcoholic liquor and a controlled substance, or while visibly impaired, or with an unlawful bodily alcohol content.
(B) Section 625m.
(C) Former section 625b.
(ii) Negligent homicide, manslaughter, or murder resulting from the operation of a vehicle or an attempt to commit any of those crimes.
(iii) Section 601d or 626(3) or (4).
(26) Except for purposes of the enhancement described in subsection (12)(b), only 1 violation or attempted violation of subsection (6), a local ordinance substantially corresponding to subsection (6), or a law of another state substantially corresponding to subsection (6) may be used as a prior conviction.
(27) If 2 or more convictions described in subsection (25) are convictions for violations arising out of the same transaction, only 1 conviction must be used to determine whether the person has a prior conviction.
History: 1949, Act 300, Eff. Sept. 23, 1949 ;– Am. 1951, Act 270, Eff. Sept. 28, 1951 ;– Am. 1954, Act 10, Eff. Aug. 13, 1954 ;– Am. 1956, Act 34, Eff. Aug. 11, 1956 ;– Am. 1958, Act 113, Eff. Sept. 13, 1958 ;– Am. 1976, Act 285, Eff. Apr. 1, 1977 ;– Am. 1978, Act 57, Imd. Eff. Mar. 10, 1978 ;– Am. 1978, Act 391, Eff. Jan. 15, 1979 ;– Am. 1980, Act 515, Eff. Apr. 1, 1981 ;– Am. 1982, Act 309, Eff. Mar. 30, 1983 ;– Am. 1987, Act 109, Eff. Mar. 30, 1988 ;– Am. 1991, Act 98, Eff. Jan. 1, 1992 ;– Am. 1993, Act 359, Eff. Sept. 1, 1994 ;– Am. 1994, Act 211, Eff. Nov. 1, 1994 ;– Am. 1994, Act 448, Eff. May 1, 1995 ;– Am. 1994, Act 449, Eff. May 1, 1995 ;– Am. 1996, Act 491, Eff. Apr. 1, 1997 ;– Am. 1998, Act 350, Eff. Oct. 1, 1999 ;– Am. 1999, Act 73, Eff. Oct. 1, 1999 ;– Am. 2000, Act 77, Eff. Oct. 1, 2000 ;– Am. 2000, Act 460, Eff. Mar. 28, 2001 ;– Am. 2003, Act 61, Eff. Sept. 30, 2003 ;– Am. 2004, Act 62, Eff. May 3, 2004 ;– Am. 2006, Act 564, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 2007 ;– Am. 2008, Act 341, Eff. Jan. 1, 2009 ;– Am. 2008, Act 462, Eff. Oct. 31, 2010 ;– Am. 2008, Act 463, Eff. Oct. 31, 2010 ;– Am. 2012, Act 543, Eff. Mar. 31, 2013 ;– Am. 2013, Act 23, Imd. Eff. May 9, 2013 ;– Am. 2014, Act 219, Eff. Sept. 24, 2014 ;– Am. 2017, Act 153, Eff. Feb. 6, 2018 Compiler’s Notes: Section 2 of Act 309 of 1982 provides: “All proceedings pending and all rights and liabilities existing, acquired, or incurred at the time this amendatory act takes effect are saved and may be consummated according to the law in force when they are commenced. This amendatory act shall not be construed to affect any prosecution pending or initiated before the effective date of this amendatory act, or initiated after the effective date of this amendatory act for an offense committed before that effective date.” Popular Name: Heidi’s Law
(1) The following controlled substances are included in schedule 1:
(a) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, the ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, when the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation:
Acetylmethadol
Difenoxin
Noracymethadol
Allylprodine
Dimenoxadol
Norlevorphanol
Alpha-acetylmethadol
Dimepheptanol
Normethadone
Alphameprodine
Dimethylthiambutene
Norpipanone
Alphamethadol
Dioxaphetyl butyrate
Phenadoxone
Benzethidine
Dipipanone
Phenampromide
Betacetylmethadol
Ethylmethylthiambutene
Phenomorphan
Betameprodine
Etonitazene
Phenoperidine
Betamethadol
Etoxeridine
Piritramide
Betaprodine
Furethidine
Proheptazine
Clonitazene
Hydroxypethidine
Properidine
Dextromoramide
Ketobemidone
Propiram
Diampromide
Levomoramide
Racemoramide
Diethylthiambutene
Levophenacylmorphan
Trimeperidine
Morpheridine
(b) Any of the following opium derivatives, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, when the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:
Acetorphine
Drotebanol
Morphine-N-Oxide
Acetyldihydrocodeine
Etorphine
Myrophine
Benzylmorphine
Heroin
Nicocodeine
Codeine methylbromide
Hydromorphinol
Nicomorphine
Codeine-N-Oxide
Methyldesorphine
Normorphine
Cyprenorphine
Methyldihydromorphine
Pholcodine
Desomorphine
Morphine methylbromide
Thebacon
Dihydromorphine
Morphine methylsulfonate
(c) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, when the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:
Except as provided in subsection (2), Marihuana, including
pharmaceutical-grade cannabis
Mecloqualone
Mescaline
Peyote
N-ethyl-3 piperidyl benzilate
N-methyl-3 piperidyl benzilate
Psilocybin
Psilocyn
Thiophene analog of phencyclidine
Some trade or other names:
1-(1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl) piperidine
2-thienyl analog of phencyclidine; TPCP
(d) Synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the plant, or in the resinous extractives of cannabis and synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure or pharmacological activity, or both, such as the following, are included in schedule 1:
(i) /\1 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers.
(ii) /\6 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers.
(iii) /\3,4, cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers.
(e) Synthetic cannabinoids. As used in this subdivision, “synthetic cannabinoids” includes any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that is not otherwise listed as a controlled substance in this schedule or in schedules II through V, is not approved by the federal food and drug administration as a drug, and contains any quantity of the following substances, their salts, isomers (whether optical, positional, or geometric), homologues (analogs), and salts of isomers and homologues (analogs), unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, homologues (analogs), and salts of isomers and homologues (analogs) is possible within the specific chemical designation:
(i) Any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole structure, also known as napthoylindoles, with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: JWH-007, JWH-015, JWH-018, JWH-019, JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-200, JWH-210, JWH-398, AM-1220, AM-2201, and WIN-55, 212-2.
(ii) Any compound containing a 1H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl)methane structure, also known as napthylmethylindoles, with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: JWH-175, and JWH-184.
(iii) Any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole structure, also known as naphthoylpyrroles with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2- piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: JWH-370, JWH-030.
(iv) Any compound containing a naphthylideneindene structure with substitution at the 3-position of the indene ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indene ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: JWH-176.
(v) Any compound containing a 3-phenylacetylindole structure, also known as phenacetylindoles, with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: RCS-8 (SR-18), JWH-250, JWH-203, JWH-251, and JWH-302.
(vi) Any compound containing a 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol structure, also known as cyclohexylphenols, with substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: CP-47,497 (and homologues(analogs)), cannabicyclohexanol, and CP-55,940.
(vii) Any compound containing a 3-(benzoyl)indole structure, also known as benzoylindoles, with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: AM-694, pravadoline (WIN-48,098), RCS-4, AM-630, AM-679, AM-1241, and AM-2233.
(viii) Any compound containing a 11-hydroxy-/\8-tetrahydrocannabinol structure, also known as dibenzopyrans, with further substitution on the 3-pentyl group by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkyethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: HU-210, JWH-051, JWH-133.
(ix) Any compound containing a 3-(L-adamantoyl)indole structure, also known as adamantoylindoles, with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the adamantyl ring system to any extent. Examples of this structural class include but are not limited to: AM-1248.
(x) Any other synthetic chemical compound that is a cannabinoid receptor agonist and mimics the pharmacological effect of naturally occurring cannabinoids that is not listed in schedules II through V and is not approved by the federal food and drug administration as a drug.
(f) Compounds of structures referred to in subdivision (d), regardless of numerical designation of atomic positions, are included.
(g) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and any isomer, salt, or salt of isomer of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
MDPV, Bath salts, charge plus, cloud nine, hurricane Charlie, ivory wave, ocean, red dove, scarface, sonic, white dove, white lightning
(q) 5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane
Some trade and other names:
MDAI
Woof-woof
(r) Naphyrone (Naphthylpyrovalerone)
Some trade and other names:
NRG-1
Rave
(s) Pyrovalerone (1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone)
(t) Catha edulis; except as provided in subdivision (u) and section 7218, all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as catha edulis, whether growing or not; the leaves and seeds of that plant; any extract from any part of that plant; and every compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of that plant or its leaves, seeds, or extracts.
(v) Salvia divinorum; except as provided in subdivision (w), all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as salvia divinorum, whether growing or not; the leaves and seeds of that plant; any extract from any part of that plant; and every compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of that plant or its leaves, seeds, or extracts.
(x) Synthetic cathinones. As used in this subdivision, “synthetic cathinones” includes any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that is not otherwise listed as a controlled substance in this schedule or in schedules II through V, is not approved by the federal food and drug administration as a drug, and contains any quantity of the following substances, their salts, isomers (whether optical, positional, or geometric), homologues (analogs), and salts of isomers and homologues (analogs), unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, homologues (analogs), and salts of isomers and homologues (analogs) is possible within the specific chemical designation:
(i) Any compound containing a 2-amino-1-propanone structure with substitution at the 1-position with a monocyclic or fused polycyclic ring system and a substitution at the nitrogen atom by an alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, or incorporation into a heterocyclic structure. Examples of this structural class include, but are not limited to, dimethylcathinone, ethcathinone, and alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone.
(ii) Any compound containing a 2-amino-1-propanone structure with substitution at the 1-position with a monocyclic or fused polycyclic ring system and a substitution at the 3-position carbon with an alkyl, haloalkyl, or alkoxy group. Examples of this structural class include, but are not limited to, naphyrone.
(iii) Any compound containing a 2-amino-1-propanone structure with substitution at the 1-position with a monocyclic or fused polycyclic ring system and a substitution at any position of the ring system with an alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, alkylenedioxy, or alkoxy group, whether or not further substituted at any position on the ring system to any extent. Examples of this structural class include, but are not limited to, mephedrone, methylone, and 3-fluoromethylone.
(2) Marihuana, including pharmaceutical-grade cannabis, is a schedule 2 controlled substance if it is manufactured, obtained, stored, dispensed, possessed, grown, or disposed of in compliance with this act and as authorized by federal authority.
(3) For purposes of subsection (1), “isomer” includes the optical, position, and geometric isomers.
The Job of a Judge is to make decisions of whether there is enough evidence to hold someone, give them bond or release them. Police do not make decisions of whether a person is guilty or innocent. They just are supposed to gather the facts and evidence. Both should work together to support the allegations of facts to assist in determining whether a person is guilty or innocent. Here we have a story in the Detroit News of a Judge that is being accused by police of being soft on crime.
The article says….
A fall out in Detroit’s 36th District Court that is pitting the judge against police officers who accuse him of being soft on crime. William C. McConico, the Judge who is standing up against police this time is saying that some of the disparagement is being done to smear him for refusing to lower a cop’s million dollar bond.
Detroit police Chief James Craig said the judge is a symptom of a “broken system” that often allows violent criminals back on the street. Craig and other police officers lambasted McConico in May, after the judge granted a $100,000 bond and tether to Ivory Traylor, a habitual criminal who allegedly shot at Detroit police officers.
Ivory Traylor had a previous armed robbery conviction, cut off his tether and ran. He was arrested less than 24 hours later. He is on the schedule to stand trial on charges of assault with intent to commit murder in August.
Judge McConico argued that some of the criticism against him was from his rejection of a request to lower the $1 million cash bond for a former Michigan State Police trooper, Mark Bessner, charged with causing the death of a 15-year-old Detroiter while the teenager was riding his ATV. Bessner is scheduled to stand trial in October on second-degree murder charges.
“You’ve got reckless statements being made that I hate cops,” McConico said. “That’s crazy. It’s absolutely crazy, and it’s not true. You’ve got some officers who are trying to make me look bad because I didn’t lower the trooper’s bond.”
McConico’s decision was the second time he refused to lower the bond. He says there are some officers are still mad and looking for reprisal.
Craig said his criticism of McConico has nothing to do with the Bessner case.
“My problem with him is: His decisions impact what we’re trying to do as a police department,” the chief said. “When you get judges who are soft on crime, it makes it harder for us to keep the city safe.”
In another controversy, Wayne County prosecutors say they plan to appeal McConio’s ruling in the May 16
There’s much more of the story you should read here at the Detroit News
